Efficacité et acceptation sur le terrain de PermaNet® 3.0 et d’Olyset® Net à Kinshasa, en République démocratique du Congo / Field efficacy and acceptability of PermaNet® 3.0 and Olyset® Net in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
Thierry Bobanga1,5, Wycliff Ayieko², Mimie Zanga1, Solange Efundu Umesumbu3, Ange Luzolo Landela1, Olivier Asini Fataki1, Alain Serge Mandoko4, Jacques Tshibamba1, Lambert Nyabola².
1 Department of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
2 School of Public Health, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
3 Malaria National Control Program, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo
4 National Institute for BioMedical Research Kinshasa
5 Université Protestante au Congo
Summary
Background. Insecticide resistance in mosquitoes at Kinshasa may jeopardize the efficacy and usage of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). Entomological impact, user acceptance and bioefficacy of a combination LLIN (PermaNet® 3.0) and a standard LLIN (Olyset Net®) were evaluated in two sites in Kinshasa characterized by high densities of either Anopheles gambiae s.s. (Kindele) or Culex spp (Kimbangu).
Methods. Insecticide susceptibility was determined via tube tests and bottles assays. Entomological impact of unwashed and washed LLINs and untreated nets was assessed via Latin square based on rotation of nets and their users through selected houses at each site. User acceptability was evaluated through interviews and net bioefficacy was measured via cone bioassays using field-derived An. gambiae s.s.
Results. An. gambiae s.s. population from Kindele was resistant to DDT and permethrin with a mortality rate respectively of 27.3% and 75.8% with kdr mutations (L1014F) plus suspected metabolic resistance. Culex spp. was resistant to all insecticides tested. No differences in entomological indices were observed for the 5 net treatments, but bioefficacy against An. gambiae was significant higher for unwashed and wash PermaNet 3.0 (100% and 71% mortality) than for Olyset (56 and 36%).
Householders reported a good sleep most often when using unwashed and washed PermaNet (94 and 88%) and least often with unwashed Olyset (46%).
Conclusion. High bioefficacy via cone bioassays against an An. gambiae s.s. population with kdr and suspected metabolic resistance was observed with PermaNet 3.0. Lower biting rates and a higher chance of a good night of sleep was reported with PermaNet 3.0 compared to Olyset
Keywords: acceptance, bioefficacy, insecticide, resistance, malaria
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