Distribution d’espèces d’Anaphèles gambiae complex en République Démocratique du Congo / Distribution of species within the Anopheles gambiae complex in the Democratic Republic of Congo
Thierry Bobanga1, Solange E. Umesumbu², Alain. S. Mandoko3, Célestin N. Nsibu4, Ellen B. Dotson5, Ray F. Beach5, Seth R. Irish5
1 Services de Parasitologie et d’Entomologie, Département de Médecine Tropicale, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
2 Programme Nationale de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
3 Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, PO Box 1192, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
4 Département de Pédiatrie, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Kinshasa, Kinshasa, République Démocratique du Congo
5 Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Road NE, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
Summary
Introduction.
Malaria is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). It accounts for more
than 40% of outpatient visits and for nearly 20% of deaths of children under the age of five. The primary malaria vector control intervention in
DRC is the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs). However, to ensure that this intervention, or others that might be
used in the future, are effectively applied requires an understanding of the malaria vectors present is essential.
More than 60 species of Anopheles mosquitoes are present in DRC2 includes members of the Anopheles gambiae complex. The Anopheles
gambiae complex is currently encompassed 8 species: Anopheles gambiae, An. coluzzii, An. arabiensis, An. quadrimaculatus, An. amharicus,
An. melas, An. merus, An. bwambae. Whereas in several countries the composition of the species in the Anopheles gambiae complex is
well known, there has been relatively little survey done in DRC. The aim of this work was to provide a deeper understanding of the
members of the Anopheles gambiae complex present in DRC.
Methods. Mosquitoes were collected in 16 sites across DRC between July 2004 and July 2011.
The following sites were visited: Kimpese, Vanga, Kikwit, Bandundu, Kapolowe, Lubumbashi, Lodja, and Mbuji Mayi
Mosquitoes were collected as larvae on an ad hoc basis using dippers and were reared in field laboratories to the adult stage for morphological
identification.
Molecular analysis Molecular analysis was conducted in two laboratories to determine the species present.
Mosquitoes were identified to species using a conventional PCR method.
Results. In total, 765 mosquitoes were tested.
All mosquitoes that were morphologically identified as belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex and that were tested were
either Anopheles gambiae s.s. or An. coluzzii.
None of the other members of the complex were identified.
Conclusion. This work represents a preliminary attempt to provide distribution of An. gambiae s.s. and An. coluzzii in DRC. Further study on
the Anopheles gambiae complex in DRC will provide more detail to the distribution of the species within this complex.
Keywords: Anopheles gambiae complex, species, distribution, mosquitoes, DR Congo
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