Relation entre le portage asymptomatique du plasmodium, l’anémie et l’état nutritionnel chez les enfants de moins de 5 ans vivant dans les zones à transmission stable à Kinshasa, en Républic Démocratique du Congo

Summary

Introduction.

Asymptomatic carriage (AC) plays a role in the sustainability of the transmission and may have an impact on comorbidity factors. The objective of this study was to assess AC prevalence and its relationship with some known morbidity factors in a vulnerable stratum of the population.
Methods. A simple random sample, household survey in asymptomatic children under the age of five was conducted from April to September
2012 in two health areas of the health zone of Mont Ngafula 1, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Results. The AC prevalence were 30.9% (95% CI: 26.5-35.9) and 14.3% (95% CI: 10.5-18.1) in Cité Pumbu (CP) and Kindele, respectively. The
prevalence of anemia was 61.6% (95% CI: 56.6-66.5) in CP and 39.3% (95% CI: 34.0-44.6) in Kindele. CP had a larger proportion of chronic
malnutrition compared to Kindele (OR: 8; p <0.001). AC was predictor factor for anemia (aOR: 3.5, p =0.01) and, an inverse relationship
was observed between parasite density and hemoglobin level (β = −5*10−5, p <0.001). Age older than 12 months (aOR: 3.8, p =0.01),
anemia (aOR: 3.4, p =0.001), chronic malnutrition (aOR: 1.8, p =0.01), having a single parent/guardian (aOR: 1.6, p =0.04), and the
non-use of insecticide-treated nets (aOR: 1.7, p=0.04) were predictors for AC.
Conclusions. ACwas correlated with some comorbidity factors and was thus a harmful
condition in the study population. Malaria control initiatives should not only focus on prevention and treatment of symptomatic
infections but also take into consideration asymptomatic but infected children.
Keywords: asymptomatic carriage, anemia, malaria, prevalence, transmission

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